Toxicity and Efficacy of Water-eluted Fraction from Siegesbeckiae Herba Against Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To detect the toxicity of water-eluted fraction from Siegesbeckiae Herba （SWEF） at different concentrations against MRC-5 human embryonic lung fibroblasts and its impacts on the expression of <italic>α</italic>7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （<italic>α</italic>7nAChR） and inflammatory factors， so as to figure out the active components responsible for toxicity and efficacy. Method:The toxicities of SWEF at 1， 6， 10， 20， and 50 g·L^-1 against MRC-5 cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay combined with flow cytometry and Trypan blue staining. The changes in <italic>α</italic>7nAChR expression and inflammatory factor levels before and after <italic>α</italic>7nAChR gene silencing were detected to reveal the pharmacodynamic effect of SWEF on MRC-5 cells. Result:SWEF （≥6 g·L^-1） obviously inhibited the viability of MRC-5 cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and promoted their apoptosis and necrosis （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） being 6.03 g·L^-1. The determination of <italic>α</italic>7nAChR expression and inflammatory factor levels in MRC-5 cells showed that SWEF contained <italic>α</italic>7nAChR agonist-like substance， which enhanced <italic>α</italic>7nAChR mRNA and protein expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） and decreased the inflammatory factor levels （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. SWEF down-regulated the inflammatory factors possibly by re-regulating <italic>α</italic>7nAChR mRNA expression， exhibiting a negative correlation between them （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:SWEF （≥6 g·L^-1） is highly toxic to MRC-5 cells. Pharmacodynamic studies have confirmed that <italic>α</italic>7nAChR agonist-like substance contained in SWEF was responsible for the elevated <italic>α</italic>7nAChR expression and reduced inflammatory cytokines. It is inferred that excessive <italic>α</italic>7nAChR agonist-like substance may trigger the toxicity of<italic> </italic>Siegesbeckiae Herba.

Role of Bone Marrow Cell Morphology Combined with Immunohistochemistry Examinations in the Diagnosis of Patients with Primary Bone Marrow Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology combined with immunohistochemistry in patients with primary bone marrow lymphoma.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 23 patients with primary bone marrow lymphoma diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2010 to December 2019 were collected. The characteristics of bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry results were analyzed retrospectively, and the diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology combined with immunohistochemistry in primary bone marrow lymphoma were clarified.@*RESULTS@#Most of primary bone marrow lymphoma was B-cell lymphoma, among which diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common pathological type. Typical lymphoma cells could be found in all the patients. 78.26% of the patients could be diagnosed as lymphoma with pathological type, while 91.30% were diagnosed as lymphoma through combined with the bone marrow immunohistochemistry.@*CONCLUSION@#Bone marrow cell morphology combined with immunohistochemistry shows very important diagnostic value in patients with primary bone marrow lymphoma.

Mechanism Analysis of Lung Injury Induced by Water Elution Section of Siegesbeckiae Herba on Rats by 1H-NMR Metabolomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Metabolomics was used to analyze the dynamic changes of endogenous metabolites in serum and lung tissue of rats treated with water elution section of Siegesbeckiae Herba (SWES), and to explore the possible mechanism of lung injury and to search for the sensitive markers in serum and lung tissue. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely the normal group (normal saline), SWES high-dose group and SWES low-dose group (0.500, 0.125 g·kg-1·d-1). SWES was given for 4 weeks and stopped for 2 weeks. The weight and pathological examination were regarded as observation parameters. Serum and lung tissue samples were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (1H-NMR). The metabolites in rats were analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Result:Lung inflammation was shown in SWES high-dose group and returned to normal after withdrawal for 2 weeks. The metabolic spectrum of SWES high-dose group was significantly different from the normal group. There were 11 metabolites were identified by 1H-NMR metabolomics, four differential metabolites were identified in serum [acetate, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), glycine, myo-inositol] and nine differential metabolites were identified in lung tissue [lactate, acetate, phosphatidylcholine (PC), pyruvate, dimethylamine, glutamate, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glycine, xanthine]. Lung injury was related to the disorder of pyruvate metabolism, glutamate metabolism and other pathways. Most of the metabolites in lung tissue had obviously levels of callback after drug withdrawal, which coincided with the pathological examination. Conclusion:The lung is one of the damaged organs caused by SWES, and the lung injury is reversible and may be related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress.

Significance of Simultaneous Analysis of Bone Marrow Smear and Bone Marrow Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of bone marrow smear combined with biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 50 cases of lymphoma from our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of the bone marrow smear and the bone marrow biopsy were compared simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The decision for the degree of bone marrow hyperplasia in bone marrow biopsy slice was superior to that in smear, and the active or highly active hyperplasia of nucleated cells were observed in all the bone marrow biopsies; the lymphomatic cells were observed in bone marrow smear of the 12 patients(24%), but the bone marrow biopsies showed a higher detection rate of lymphomatic cells 44% in 22 patients(P<0.05); The hyperplasia of bone marrow fibrous tissue, mainly mild to moderate, were the common in cases with bone marrow involvement and the severity of bone marrow fibrosis positively correlated with the number of lymphomatic cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Biopsy combined with aspiration can improve the accuracy of diagnosis in lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.</p>

Pathological Characteristics of Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Secondary Myelofibrosis and Their Relationship with Prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pathological characteristics of bone marrow in multiple myeloma patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 70 cases of multiple myeloma including 35 patients with secondary myelofibrosis were analyzed retrospectively from January 1st to December 31st 2012 in Department of Hematology of our hospital, the degree of hyperplasia, as well as the changes of myelofibros after treatment were compared between bone marrow smear and biopsy, and their relationship with the prognosis was analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The myelofibrosis could be observed in any stage and type of multiple myeloma, the myelobibrosis could cause the decrease of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in bone marrow smear, and the increase of reticulin could be observed in the biopsy with Gomori staining + to +++, and the secondary myelofibrosis could be alleviated after treatment. The overall prognosis of these patients was poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bone marrow biopsy has the important diagnostic value for the multiple myeloma patients with secondary myelofibrosis, and the myelofibrosis can be alleviated after treatment, but the overall prognosis of multiple myeloma patients with secondary myelofibrosis is poor.</p>

Pathological characteristics of leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with the prognosis of disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

The objective of this study was to investigate the pathological characteristics of leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with prognosis. The pathological characteristics of 29 leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis were observed, the degree of hyperplasia between bone marrow smear and biopsy, as well as the changes of myelofibrosis after treatment were compared, and their relationship with the prognosis was analysed. The results indicated that the myelofibrosis may cause the decrease of pseudoepitheliomatous in bone marrow smear, and the increase of reticulin could be observed except the primary pathological characteristics in the biopsy with Gomori staining ++ - +++, and the secondary myelofibrosis could be alleviated after treatment. The overall prognosis of these patients was poor. It is concluded that the bone marrow biopsy has the important diagnostic value for the leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis, and the myelofibrosis can be alleviated after treatment, but the overall prognosis of leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis is poor.

One-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy applied in diagnosis of the bone marrow metastatic cancer / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the value of one-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy applied in diagnosis of the bone marrow metastatic cancer. The total of 46 cases of bone marrow metastatic cancer were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of the bone marrow smear and the bone marrow biopsies were compared. The results indicated that the success rate of one-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was 95.7%. Metastatic carcinoma cells in clumps or clusters with morphological changes were observed in the bone marrow biopsies of the 45 patients (97.8%), but the metastatic carcinoma cell clusters were observed only in bone marrow smears of the 25 patients (54.3%). There were mild to moderate hyperplasia of fibrous tissue in the patients with metastatic cancer. In addition to the 83.3% diagnostic rate of esophageal cancer, the rest diagnostic rate of bone marrow biopsy for metastatic carcinoma was 100%. The diagnostic rate of bone marrow smear for ovarian cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, thoracic tumor, sigmoid colon cancer, esophageal cancer and metastatic cancer of unknown primary cancers were 33.3%, 50%, 72.2%, 60%, 50%, 33.3% and 25%, respectively. The diagnostic rate of bone marrow biopsy was higher than that of bone marrow smear. It is concluded that the success rate of drawing specimen by one-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is high. The bone marrow biopsy is better than that of aspiration in diagnosis of metastatic cancer. Combining biopsy with aspiration can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

An experimental study on pulmonary toxicity water extracts of Siegesbeckia pubescens on mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The pulmonary toxicity of water extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens has been studied an mice following subchronic oral administration route.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mice were randomly grouped and administered with the water extract of S. pubescens at dosages of 3.0, 1.0, 0.3 g x kg(-1) and saline respectively. 10 mice of each group were sacrificed on the day of 7 th, 14 th, 21 th, and 2 weeks after stopping administration, histological changes of the lung were examined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The water extract of S. pubescens at dosage of 3.0 g x kg(-1) increased the lung index on the of day 14 th and 21 th, significant histopathological damages were observed. The histopathological changes were disappeared after stopping administration for 2 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The water extract of S. pubescens has a pulmonary toxic effect on mice, and the toxic effect is reversible.</p>

Influence of the watery extract of jiangzhining decoction on the genetic expression of hepatocyte LDLR of hyperlipidemic rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of Jiangzhining decoction on the genetic expression of Liver LDLR of the rats suffered from hyperlipemia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Laboratory animals were male wister rats with hyperlipemia resulting from high fat feeding. Prescription was the douche of stomach with Jiangzhining decoction (200%) with a dosage of 1.4 g.kg-1, for 15 successive days. Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue of treated rats and LDLRmRNA was detected by Dot blot hybridization. Expression levels of LDLRmRNA was estimated by a ratio of LDLRmRNA and beta-actin mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The difference between expression levels of LDLRmRNA for normal group and those for hyperlipemia group (100% +/- 19% vs 39% +/- 14%) was significant (P < 0.05); and the difference between decoction group (108 +/- 8%) and hyperlipimia group was also highly significant (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High fat feeding reduces the expression of liver LDLRmRNA while the decoction can greatly increase it. The study and development of Jiangzhining are significant in preventing and curing cadiocerebral diseases.</p>